Identifying climate-related risks and opportunities | IFRS S2
This page shows the practical steps to take to comply with paragraphs 10, 11 and 12 of IFRS S2.
Climate change poses a myriad of risks, from the sea level rising to less rainful, but also creates opportunities e.g. allowing for farming on previously frozen Siberian lands. IFRS S2 requires that an entity identify the climate-related risks and opportunities "that could reasonably be expected to afect the entity's prospects"; in particular they need to:
- Identify and describe the risks and opportunities which could affect the entity's prospects
- Classify each risk as either:
- Physical risk
- Transition risk
- Specify the time horizon (short/medium/long-term) over which the risk/opportunity could occur.
- Define "short term", "medium term" & "long-term"; and how these periods are linked to the planning horizons used for strategic decision-making.
The entity should use all “reasonable & supportable information that is available to the entity at the reporting date without undue cost or effort”.
In identifying risk/opportunities, the entity is required to refer to and “consider the applicability of the industry-based disclosure topics defined in the Industry-based Guidance on Implementing IFRS S2”.
Step 1 : identify what industries the entity is operating in
Here is a list of the sectors and the industries in each sector:
- Consumer goods sector
- Apparel, accessories & footwear (volume 1)
- Appliance manufacturing (volume 2)
- Building products & furnishings (volume 3)
- E-commerce (volume 4)
- Household & personal products (volume 5)
- Multiline & specialty retailers & distributors (volume 6)
- Extractives & minerals processing sector
- Coal operations (volume 7)
- Construction materials (volume 8)
- Iron & steel producers (volume 9)
- Metals & mining (volume 10)
- Oil & gas - exploration & production (volume 11)
- Oil & gas - midstream (volume 12)
- Oil & gas - refining & marketing (volume 13)
- Oil & gas - services (volume 14)
- Financials sector
- Asset management & custody activities (volume 15)
- Commercial banks (volume 16)
- Insurance (volume 17)
- Investment banking & brokerage (volume 18)
- Mortgage finance (volume 19)
- Security & commodity exchanges (volume 20)
- Food & beverage secctor
- Alcoholic beverages (volume 21)
- Food retailers & distributors (volume 22)
- Meat, poultry & dairy (volume 23)
- Non-alcoholic beverages (volume 24)
- Processed foods (volume 25)
- Restaurants (volume 26)
- Health care sector
- Drug retailers (volume 27)
- Health care delivery (volume 28)
- Health care distributors (volume 29)
- Managed care (volume 30)
- Medical equipment & supplies (volume 31)
- Infrastructure sector
- Electric Utilities & Power Generators (volume 32)
- Engineering & Construction Services (volume 33)
- Gas Utilities & Distributors (\volume 34)
- Home Builders (volume 35)
- Real Estate (volume 36)
- Real Estate Services (volume 37)
- Waste Management (volume 38)
- Water Utilities & Services (volume 39)
- Renewable resources & alternative energy sector
- Biofuels (volume 40)
- Forestry management (volume 41)
- Fuel cells & industrial batteries (volume 42)
- Pulp & paper products (volume 43)
- Solar technology & project developers (volume 44)
- Wind technology & project developers (volume 45)
- Resource transformation sector
- Aerospace & Defence: (volume 46)
- Chemicals: (volume 47)
- Containers & Packaging (volume 48)
- Electrical & Electronic Equipment (volume 49)
- Services sector
- Advertising & Marketing (volume 51)
- Education (olume 52)
- Leisure Facilities (volume 53)
- Technology & communications sector
- Electronic Manufacturing Services & Original Design Manufacturing (Volume 54)
- Hardware (Volume 55)
- Internet Media & Services (Volume 56)
- Semiconductors (Volume 57)
- Software & IT Services (Volume 58)
- Telecommunication Services (Volume 59)
- Transportation sector
- Air freight & logistics (volume 60)
- Airlines (volume 61)
- Auto parts (volume 62)
- Automobiles (volume 63)
- Car rental & leasing (volume 64)
- Cruise lines (volume 65)
- Marine transportation (volume 66)
- Rail transportation (volume 67)
- Road transportation (volume 68)
If you are not sure whether your company operates in a certain industry, then look at the industry description in the "IFRS S2 Industry-based guidance", which sets out what activities are conducted by businesses in that industry, and their common characteristics.
Step 2 : identify the risks & opportunities facing the industry
Now that you know what industry the entity is operating, you can find the climate-related risks and opportunities facing that sector in the "disclosure topics" section for the industry in the "IFRS S2 Industry-based guidance".

IFRS S2 standard and other reference documents
Click here.